Revista de humanidades (Santiago. En línea)
Revista de Humanidades is included in the databases CLASE (Latin American Citations in Social Sciences and Humanities), Latindex directory, Redalyc, Erih Plus, MLA, and SCOPUS
New Horizons of the Revista de Humanidades: Framework and Open Science.
Copyright (c) 2026 Revista de humanidades (Santiago. En línea) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
María Gabriela Huidobro Salazar. Mujeres en la historia de Chile.
The "Poet only knows while Writing". Interview with Mauricio Redolés
Mauricio Redolés (1953) es poeta y músico –o “poeta entrometido en la música”, como él mismo ha señalado–, y puede considerarse también cronista. Su obra es vasta y está integrada por más de diez discos, alrededor de una decena de libros de poesía, un libro de memorias, un volumen de conversaciones con Patricio Manns y un cancionero.
The graphic poster and its condition of (post)memory
The general objective of this research is to describe and analyze the production of the graphic poster as a work of memory and postmemory whose double condition, of art and politics, allows it to transcend the temporality of the events that produce it. The specific objective is to analyze the polysemy of the visual and written message as well as the forms of social circulation of the poster “Ninguna calle llevará tu nombre” produced during the chilean dictatorship (1973 – 1990). The methodology is qualitative and considers the study of sources, interviews and the same poster. The main findings show the relevance of the poster, especially in contexts of historical crisis; the spatial impacts in the city where it is installed; its political implications, relative to the ideological groups it represents; and, finally, its social or generational repercussions that reproduce the poster as a work of memory or postmemory.
Posthumanist drifts for alternative research: an approach to resistance during incarceration
Both studies on the living conditions of people deprived of liberty and research on experiences associated with imprisonment reveal the presence of a body that is institutionally violated and studied in a targeted manner. Since prison is not only a place of discipline, but also a stage for negotiating power, I propose a way of approaching acts of resistance during imprisonment based on the premise that the body persists in its being; that it affects and is affected by other entities and material forces. Highlighting the materiality of experiences of deprivation of liberty opens up a field of study that challenges the traditional understanding of the production of knowledge; in this way, I propose a post-qualitative approach that underlines the agency of matter, objects and non-humans in research, choosing to explore resistance from cartography. This work is not only an attempt to escape from an anthropocentric reading, it is also based on the importance of contributing to studies on imprisonment from critical self-reflection on the actions, roles and decisions of the researcher.
The 'Art of Existing': Intuition and Singularity. Contributions to the Ethical Dimension of Heideger's Thought in Light of his Metontology
The ‘art of existing’ (Existierkunst) that emerges within the framework of the notion of metontology (Metontologie), as presented by Heidegger in 1928, is the closest we have to an approach to the ethical elements that metontology explicitly announces. In this article, I argue that the notion of ‘intuitive representations’ (anschauliche Vorstellung), which Heidegger develops in his reflection on representational thinking in the mid-1930s – in a text not generally regarded as relevant to his ethical reflections – can enrich our understanding of the ‘art of existing’ by offering a key to deciphering what it truly means ‘to see singularity’, in the sense implied by this art. In this respect, I suggest that the notion of ‘intuitive representations’ emerges as an important element in the task of recovering the mode of dwelling evoked by the name ethos, and that it can therefore contribute to the development of what Heidegger designates with the expression ‘original ethics’ (ursprüngliche Ethik).
Since the linguistic turn in the social sciences, consideration of the concept of emergence as well as the contextualized analysis of speeches in political theory have been gaining relevance. On the other hand, New Materialism has sought to highlight existing deficiencies of the language perspective when it comes to attending to the possibility of agency exercised by non-human matter. Recent emphasis on language and everything that takes the form of speech has resulted in a disregard for silence as a key element in political action. Change in that regard began to occur with Kennan Ferguson’s innovative article (Silence: A Politics) which goes beyond considering silence as “the absence of sound” and an element of resistance to power. Nonetheless, Ferguson’s vision remained clearly anthropocentric. We believe it is necessary to explore the possibilities of applying Ferguson’s expanded understanding of silence’s political role to non-human and even non-animal realities and manifestations. Such manifestations are affected by human action, and humans’ effect on them is thus a political problem. To address that problem, we argue, the concept of what we call “matter agency” and a new understanding of speech acts are needed.
Sistema nervioso by Lina Meruane For a Narrative beyond the Anthropic Principle
In this article we analyse the novel Sistema nervioso by the Chilean writer Lina Meruane. The aim is to trace a reading from the materiality of bodies to the connection with the cosmic imaginary, which opens up the consideration of temporal scales that are not limited to the strictly human. We show, on the one hand, that biopolitical readings find their limits in this novel and, on the other, we arrive at a critique that advocates a beyond the anthropic principle. The paper hypothesises that a reading of illness as a spectre can lead to the consideration of a narrative beyond the anthropic principle. Finally, we outline a conclusion on spectral politics and the possibilities of memory.
Writting Trauma: Testimony and Surrealism in Reinaldo Arena's El palacio de las blanquísimas mofetas
This article aligns with Latin American studies on testimony, aiming to explore the textualization of historical trauma in Reinaldo Arenas’s novel El palacio de las blanquísimas mofetas. Practices adopted (and adapted) from surrealism restore the centrality of the subject who perceives and communicates the past through imaginative exercises, the demystification of documentary work, the rescue of affective matter, and the embodiment of mental events associated with the state of crisis. Thus, it is concluded that all those phenomena typical of the avant-garde, usually excluded from the testimonial dynamics by the critics, are sine qua non resources in the transmission of the traumatic experience.
The Rebellion of Ivan Karamázov. A Reflection of the Human Condition
In the present work, the problem of the human condition is addressed from a philosophical point of view starting from chapter V of The Brothers Karamazov, specifically from the paragraph called “Iván’s Rebellion”, which precedes the well-known story about “The Great inquisitor.” After analyzing three lines of interpretation that have been proposed in relation to this passage, an interpretation of the text will be defended based on the distinction, which until now has not been sufficiently taken into account, between the doctrine of Ivan (if God does not exist, everything is permitted) and Ivan’s rebellion against the world created by God, which leads him to “return his entry to heaven.”
Unaerthing the Future: The utopian Republicanism of Simon Rodríguez and Santiago Ramos
This article proposes, on the one hand, to problematize the criticisms made of the link between writing and power in Latin America and, on the other, to recover a plebeian link between writing and power. To do so, firstly, a review will be made of the criticism made by Ángel Rama and updated within the field of cultural and literary studies in Latin America. Secondly, the alternative link proposed by Rama himself when thinking about the figure of Simón Rodríguez will be reconsidered. Thirdly, this reading of Rodríguez will be connected and extended to his disciple Santiago Ramos. Finally, it will be shown how, starting from Rodríguez and Ramos, it is possible to propose an emancipatory link between writing and republic in the terms of a plebeian republicanism.
Late, Nineteenth-Century male discourses on María Hernández “The flea” and María Feliciana “The lesser flea". Two eighteenth-century sorceresses, mother and daughter, condemned to exile by the Lima inquisition in 1736
María Hernández and María Feliciana were a mother and daughter condemned by the Lima Inquisition in the Auto Público de Fe of 1736. None of their legal relationships are available in the National Historical Archive in Madrid. However, they are mentioned by a group of nineteenth-century intellectuals and scholars in a series of late and indirect documents sent to the Holy Office. Both became iconic female figures, supporting or opposing the Inquisition’s corrective methods. That is, through their condemnations, written by the rector of the San Marcos University of Lima in 1736, nineteenth-century intellectuals recreated a series of discourses, inspired by both women, to support or reject the Inquisition and its interaction with the societies it protected through religious orthodoxy. Our objective is to analyze and reinterpret all the masculine expressions, typical of nineteenth-century intellectuals, surrounding María and María Feliciana, and thus recreate aspects of their lived experiences and everyday life. The nineteenth-century documentation, despite its gaps and lack of detail, will be key to illustrating, at least partially, the life experiences of the mother and her daughter and, also, how masculine discourses construct feminine stereotypes that are worthy of imitation or not.
A Collective biography of diverse women: The criminal trial between Catalina Posadas and Ignacia Fontecilla, Santiago de Chile, 1973-1976
A complex and lengthy criminal libel case, which pitted two women from Santiago’s elite at the end of the 18th century against each other, called 17 women to testify, not only about the disputed events but also about the lives of some of them. The exceptional wealth of the extensive case file allows for the study of information and interactions between women of different origins and social standings, thus proposing a collective biography of diverse women.
The Relación de Guamanga (1617) as a pretext for the lives of Erauso, the Nun Ensign
This article offers a critical reassessment of the main scholarly approaches to the figure of Catalina de Erauso, the Monja Alférez, focusing on the judicial origin of the narratives about her life. It proposes a reading that emphasizes the criminal component of her representation, distancing itself from interpretations centered on gender exceptionalism. The analysis is structured in three sections: a systematization of the textual traditions stemming from the Relación de Guamanga (1617); a study of Joaquín María Ferrer’s 1829 editio princeps as a key moment in the modern crystallization of the icon; and a reflection on life narration as a discourse produced under institutional coercion. Thus, the article proposes to understand Erauso as a cultural icon whose biography, as a judicial fable, is inseparable from the tensions between law and literature.
Lope García de Salazar: the rise, violence, and exile of a basque factional leader in the 15th Century
This study examines the figure of Lope García de Salazar (1399–1476), a Biscayan banderizo leader and author of the Libro de las buenas andanças e fortunas, integrating the analysis of the individual and his historical context. It explores his identity, life trajectory, and power networks as determining factors in his exile to the town of Jimena by order of Henry IV, as well as the political, social, and symbolic implications of this sanction in late medieval Castile. The work is structured in three sections: the historical and political framework of the banderizo conflicts, the analysis of the author’s identity and trajectory, and a contextualized reading that connects his personal experience with the power dynamics of his time.
Travel account and life experience: the itinerant biography of Odoric of Pordenone
The aim of this article is to analyze the travel account of the Franciscan friar Odoric of Pordenone († 1331) as a source for the knowledge of his personality, since this document is the only one that transmits reliable information about his life. The author consciously involved himself in his account, therefore it transmits the material aspects of the journey (regions, cities, objects and people visited) as well as the active and open personality of the friar. This can be seen in three elements: the communication of emotions in an uninhibited manner, the posture towards oriental religions and the knowledge of cities of northern Italy. In this way the travel account becomes an autobiographical piece of first order.
Feminine jurisdictional lordship in the Kingdom of León (10th-12th centuries)
This article examines the role of high-ranking women in the exercise of the jurisdictional lordship to which they were entitled, within the context of the High Medieval Kingdom of León. This inquiry pursues a close examination of the charters produced in that historical setting. Drawing upon these sources, the study seeks to understand the patrimonial and matrimonial dimensions that enabled such prerogatives, as well as the feminine authority associated with them. Particular consideration is given to the participation of women in a variety of judicial acts, with special emphasis on the granting and confirmation of fueros, both in aristocratic and royal spheres. In this regard, stands out the atypical case of Urraca I of León and Castile (1109–1126) . As a queen in her own right, Urraca exercised a notable and singular form of jurisdictional authority, markedly distinct from that of other women belonging to the seigneurial elite.
Introduction. Biographies, Autobiographies, and Life Experiences between the Middle Ages and Modernity in Europe and the Americas
La experiencia histórica en primera persona suscitó, a lo largo del siglo XX, un intenso debate en torno a su legitimidad en la historiografía. En sus primeras formulaciones, este tipo de aproximación quedó mayoritariamente en manos de eruditos y aficionados que privilegiaban la descripción de hechos y personajes, ya fuese con fines laudatorios o para emitir juicios morales sobre sus vidas privadas. Esta orientación inicial fue tempranamente cuestionada por la falta de rigor metodológico, lo que llevó a la escuela de los Annales a considerar la biografía –y sus usos derivados– como un enfoque insuficiente para el análisis histórico científico, al estimarla incapaz de dar cuenta de las estructuras profundas y de los procesos de larga duración.
Presentation: Humanities, Open Science, Gender and Terrioriality
Copyright (c) 2025 Revista de humanidades (Santiago. En línea) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Document from animation. Fantasy, memory and trauma in Waltz with Bashir by Ari Folman
This article aims to analyze *Waltz with Bashir* from the perspective of cultural studies on memory and trauma, using a methodology based on textual analysis. Our research hypothesis is based on the idea that Ari Folman's animated documentary proposal accepts the legitimacy of fiction to construct metaphors that reflect the trauma of events that are not remembered accurately. To support this idea, a narratological analysis is proposed, focusing on those dreamlike scenes that underpin the film's discourse around the problem of non-existent images. The main conclusion is that the constructs of fiction are validated to the extent that, although they do not refer to entirely truthful events, they are legitimized through the testimony of survivors. Beyond this fact, although it is not the main objective of the film, which focuses on recreating non-existent images of the Sabra and Shatila massacre, the work ultimately reveals the filmmaker's own trauma as the final representation.
Poesía y prosa. María Monvel. Editado por María Inés Zaldívar Ovalle
Narcocultura: Masculinidad precaria, violencia y espectáculo.
José Ramón Andaur y su relato del Combate Naval de Punta Gruesa (21 de mayo de 1879)
Individual bodies, collective bodies: performativity and gender in Samba Da Costa
This article examines the case of Samba Da Costa, a collective of women musicians who perform samba de raíz in Valparaíso, through Erika Fischer-Lichte’s (2011) performative analysis model and her approach to materialities: corporeality, spatiality, and sonority. Employing a methodology that includes live performance observation, a group interview, and musical and performative analysis from a gender perspective, the study argues that Samba Da Costa’s musical practices challenge the sexual division of labor in music while simultaneously expanding the horizons of possibility for collective modes of corporeality and sonority.
From words to drawings. The building of the School of Kindergarten No. 30 of Santiago in 1870.
The article addresses the topic of school architecture in Chile in the 19th century, when most schools operated in houses adapted for that purpose. In 1870, a specific building was built for the School of Kindergarten No. 30 of Santiago, which is the object of study. The methodology used is historical research based on primary and secondary sources, which serves as the basis for a drawn reconstruction of the building that no longer exists and for which no images remain. The drawn reconstruction shows that the building had architectural features that are still considered important in education. The building was an example of school architecture that reflected the political and pedagogical ideas of the time. It is concluded that the Kindergarten School No. 30 of Santiago was a milestone in the history of education in Chile. This building was an example of the pedagogical ideas that were emerging at the time, and its design remains relevant today.
The perfect tragedy: ontology of life and transcendental narrativity
This paper aims to amplify the hermeneutic paradigm towards a naturalistic theoretical model, rooted on Aristotle´s philosophy, which explains movement in terms of impulse and efficiency, but also approaches the phenomenon of life in terms of its dramatic condition: temporal, teleological, holistic and practical or self-referential; a model which allows not only the understanding of active life, but also the generation of self-understanding and self-knowledge mechanisms for that life that, every time, is my own life, where I put my existence at stake, like tragic characters do.
Happy Ungouvernability: Ojo líquido, Quebradas. La cordillera en andas y Esta parcela by Guadalupe Santa Cruz
The following article is a reading of the books Quebrada. Las cordilleras en andas (2006), Ojo líquido (2011), and Esta parcela (2015) by the writer and visual artist Guadalupe Santa Cruz. We are interested in exploring the impolitical character in her work through a poetics of the stain, the garden, drift, and its écart. This impolitical character, from its reflective, scriptural, and untimely thickness, unfolds an innovative and radical view regarding issues that are specific to Chilean literature and its writing field. For example, in Esta parcela, her latest book, published posthumously, we seek to ponder, between death and writing, the cadence of what is brief and what is casual; in Quebrada. Las cordilleras en andas, attention is paid to what operates its own epoché throughout the Chilean landscape, where “something happens, corrodes, fails, or interrupts”; while in Ojo líquido, the city, the violence, and “the vastness” that is done to Santiago is written to correct its muddle.
Trash, Image, and Community: The Overflowing and Enclosed Future
The article analyzes the cinematic representation of trash issues and their impact on the community, highlighting their origins in daily human activities, particularly consumption and inadequate waste management. These actions not only influence the present but also pose a threat to society's future. Examined through Rancière's concept of "imageneity," this portrayal illustrates the adverse effects of improper waste disposal, presenting a questionable image of humanity regarding this issue, while also providing a basis for critical reflection.
On heroes, hesitators and cowards: cultural repertoire and heroic models in Adiós al séptimo de línea (1955-1959)
The present text examines the models of heroism represented in the novel saga Adiós al séptimo de línea (1955-1959) by the Chilean author Jorge Inostrosa, aiming to determine the continuities and ruptures it establishes regarding the cultural repertoire that constitutes the Chilean nationalist imaginary stemming from the War of the Pacific (1879-1884). To achieve this, three levels of signification about the representation of heroism in the saga are identified and described through a sociosemiotic analysis of the narrative sign. The analysis concludes that the narrative saga interprets the nationalist cultural repertoire in a polyphonic manner, offering a complex view of the heroic model by highlighting its possibilities, limits, and contradictions. This can be linked to the particular conditions of its historical context of production and reception.
Between urbanity and urbanism: the modelling of walking and urdan strolling in nineteenth-Century Santiago
The article explores the regulations and ways of walking in Santiago, Chile between 1850 and 1910, understanding this activity as a fundamental part of the emergence and consolidation of modern urbanity and early urban planning. These two elements were key components in the disposition and control of the bodies that most concerned the interests of the nation-state in formation: the citizen and urban bodies. We propose that walking, as an activity (either for practical reasons or as a pastime), demonstrates new forms of understanding how to behave in public spaces in which decency, civility and city planning were mixed. To achieve this aim, we use diverse manuals of courtesy, Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna’s texts focusing on the urban reform of Santiago and other witness accounts of the era.