Revista de humanidades (Santiago. En línea)
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Presentation: Humanities, Open Science, Gender and Terrioriality
Copyright (c) 2025 Revista de humanidades (Santiago. En línea) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Document from animation. Fantasy, memory and trauma in Waltz with Bashir by Ari Folman
This article aims to analyze *Waltz with Bashir* from the perspective of cultural studies on memory and trauma, using a methodology based on textual analysis. Our research hypothesis is based on the idea that Ari Folman's animated documentary proposal accepts the legitimacy of fiction to construct metaphors that reflect the trauma of events that are not remembered accurately. To support this idea, a narratological analysis is proposed, focusing on those dreamlike scenes that underpin the film's discourse around the problem of non-existent images. The main conclusion is that the constructs of fiction are validated to the extent that, although they do not refer to entirely truthful events, they are legitimized through the testimony of survivors. Beyond this fact, although it is not the main objective of the film, which focuses on recreating non-existent images of the Sabra and Shatila massacre, the work ultimately reveals the filmmaker's own trauma as the final representation.
Poesía y prosa. María Monvel. Editado por María Inés Zaldívar Ovalle
Narcocultura: Masculinidad precaria, violencia y espectáculo.
José Ramón Andaur y su relato del Combate Naval de Punta Gruesa (21 de mayo de 1879)
Individual bodies, collective bodies: performativity and gender in Samba Da Costa
This article examines the case of Samba Da Costa, a collective of women musicians who perform samba de raíz in Valparaíso, through Erika Fischer-Lichte’s (2011) performative analysis model and her approach to materialities: corporeality, spatiality, and sonority. Employing a methodology that includes live performance observation, a group interview, and musical and performative analysis from a gender perspective, the study argues that Samba Da Costa’s musical practices challenge the sexual division of labor in music while simultaneously expanding the horizons of possibility for collective modes of corporeality and sonority.
From words to drawings. The building of the School of Kindergarten No. 30 of Santiago in 1870.
The article addresses the topic of school architecture in Chile in the 19th century, when most schools operated in houses adapted for that purpose. In 1870, a specific building was built for the School of Kindergarten No. 30 of Santiago, which is the object of study. The methodology used is historical research based on primary and secondary sources, which serves as the basis for a drawn reconstruction of the building that no longer exists and for which no images remain. The drawn reconstruction shows that the building had architectural features that are still considered important in education. The building was an example of school architecture that reflected the political and pedagogical ideas of the time. It is concluded that the Kindergarten School No. 30 of Santiago was a milestone in the history of education in Chile. This building was an example of the pedagogical ideas that were emerging at the time, and its design remains relevant today.
The perfect tragedy: ontology of life and transcendental narrativity
This paper aims to amplify the hermeneutic paradigm towards a naturalistic theoretical model, rooted on Aristotle´s philosophy, which explains movement in terms of impulse and efficiency, but also approaches the phenomenon of life in terms of its dramatic condition: temporal, teleological, holistic and practical or self-referential; a model which allows not only the understanding of active life, but also the generation of self-understanding and self-knowledge mechanisms for that life that, every time, is my own life, where I put my existence at stake, like tragic characters do.
Happy Ungouvernability: Ojo líquido, Quebradas. La cordillera en andas y Esta parcela by Guadalupe Santa Cruz
The following article is a reading of the books Quebrada. Las cordilleras en andas (2006), Ojo líquido (2011), and Esta parcela (2015) by the writer and visual artist Guadalupe Santa Cruz. We are interested in exploring the impolitical character in her work through a poetics of the stain, the garden, drift, and its écart. This impolitical character, from its reflective, scriptural, and untimely thickness, unfolds an innovative and radical view regarding issues that are specific to Chilean literature and its writing field. For example, in Esta parcela, her latest book, published posthumously, we seek to ponder, between death and writing, the cadence of what is brief and what is casual; in Quebrada. Las cordilleras en andas, attention is paid to what operates its own epoché throughout the Chilean landscape, where “something happens, corrodes, fails, or interrupts”; while in Ojo líquido, the city, the violence, and “the vastness” that is done to Santiago is written to correct its muddle.
Trash, Image, and Community: The Overflowing and Enclosed Future
The article analyzes the cinematic representation of trash issues and their impact on the community, highlighting their origins in daily human activities, particularly consumption and inadequate waste management. These actions not only influence the present but also pose a threat to society's future. Examined through Rancière's concept of "imageneity," this portrayal illustrates the adverse effects of improper waste disposal, presenting a questionable image of humanity regarding this issue, while also providing a basis for critical reflection.
On heroes, hesitators and cowards: cultural repertoire and heroic models in Adiós al séptimo de línea (1955-1959)
The present text examines the models of heroism represented in the novel saga Adiós al séptimo de línea (1955-1959) by the Chilean author Jorge Inostrosa, aiming to determine the continuities and ruptures it establishes regarding the cultural repertoire that constitutes the Chilean nationalist imaginary stemming from the War of the Pacific (1879-1884). To achieve this, three levels of signification about the representation of heroism in the saga are identified and described through a sociosemiotic analysis of the narrative sign. The analysis concludes that the narrative saga interprets the nationalist cultural repertoire in a polyphonic manner, offering a complex view of the heroic model by highlighting its possibilities, limits, and contradictions. This can be linked to the particular conditions of its historical context of production and reception.
Between urbanity and urbanism: the modelling of walking and urdan strolling in nineteenth-Century Santiago
The article explores the regulations and ways of walking in Santiago, Chile between 1850 and 1910, understanding this activity as a fundamental part of the emergence and consolidation of modern urbanity and early urban planning. These two elements were key components in the disposition and control of the bodies that most concerned the interests of the nation-state in formation: the citizen and urban bodies. We propose that walking, as an activity (either for practical reasons or as a pastime), demonstrates new forms of understanding how to behave in public spaces in which decency, civility and city planning were mixed. To achieve this aim, we use diverse manuals of courtesy, Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna’s texts focusing on the urban reform of Santiago and other witness accounts of the era.
Family Secrets: Casa de Campo by José Donoso, La traición de Rita Hayworth by Manuel Puig, Excesos by Mauricio Wacquez and some Short Stories of La Furia by Silvina Ocampo
This article proposes a revision of the work of four authors – Casa de Campo by José Donoso, La traición de Rita Hayworth by Manuel Puig, Excesos by Maurico Wacquez, and story “El goce y la penitencia” by Silvina Ocampo– to analyze the idea of the family secret. The worlds portrayed in these writings show family systems crossed by secrets, which articulate both the coexistence between their members and also the plot of the narratives. In this sense, the family secret is not only understood as a topic that determines the story, but also as an articulating center of writing. The comparative perspective at these works by two Chilean and two Argentine authors, published between the years 1960 and the end of the 1970s, reveals the secret in terms of theme and structure of the stories, thus proposing a certain look at the logic of the literary writing itself
Kant on Boredom and the Duty to Make Use of Time
This work deals with Kant’s treatment of the phenomenon of boredom in his Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View. In this sense, it should be recognized that there is no main discussion among contemporary interpreters in this respect, since they all agree on the negative character of the pain that is proper to boredom and its intimate relationship with the temporal dimension. However, such interpreters have not noticed the relation between boredom and the importance of taking advantage of the time one has while living in the development of one’s abilities, whether bodily or spiritual, as a duty in the pragmatic sense intimately linked to the phenomenon of boredom.
Exeundum est e statu naturali: the lex permissiva and the duty to abandon the state of nature in Kant's Doctrine of Right.
In this article I discuss Christoph Horn's interpretation of Kant's lex permissiva from his Doctrine of Right found in Horn's book Nichtideale Normativität. Horn interprets it as a law that dispenses from compliance with the general principles of law. I will argue that this interpretation is unacceptable because it forces us to understand property and other private institutions as founded on exceptions to such general principles. I will also argue that adopting Horn's concept of lex permissiva, nothing is gained in order to explain the duty to abandon the state of nature.
Commentary on chapter III: The Deontological Concept of Right and its Implications with Regard to a Theory of Duty
In this work the author analyzes chapter III of Christoph Horn’s book Nichtidelale Normativität. Against Horn’s negative position towards the possibility of basing human rights on Kant’s philosophy of right, it will be argued, following Otfried Höffe’s line of thought and relying on Habermas’ thought, that by means of native right to freedom Kant does indeed ground sufficiently the existence of first-generation human rights.
This article seeks to study the scope of the expression ‘error’ and ‘appearance’ in Kant’s ‘Critique of Pure Reason’ (KrV) which, in my opinion, admit precisions that literature - with some exceptions - does not usually make and which allow us to better frame not only the scope of the KrV project but also to assess its connections with subsequent philosophical developments. The aim of this article is to account for the at least two levels of ‘appearance’ at play in the Dialectic and to present the systematic relevance of this difference. This will allow, as a coda, the presentation of a perspective that could serve to better assess the productive rather than just critical reception of Kant’s work in Hegel.
Do things in themselves ground appearances? Against a General Causal Reading
In the current discussion of transcendental idealism, the “metaphysical turn” widely assumes that the proposition “things in themselves ground appearances” is a general description of causal interaction that every interpretation must explain. This paper challenges this stance, arguing that such a claim rests on a decontextualized reading of Kant's text. By treating texts as a continuum without specific context, crucial differences in terminology are ignored, leading to erroneous univocal interpretations. To illustrate this, I will use the cases of Watkins and Rosefeldt, showing how their reading disregards textual specificities. Next, I will address a possible objection derived from the text of ÜE 08:215. I will conclude by highlighting the advantages of my analysis: first, the necessity of analyzing the proposition within specific textual contexts; second, the possibility of distinguishing two strata in the Critique of Pure Reason (KrV) regarding the use of the critical distinction and the term "thing in itself." This allows for a more precise approach to interpretive problems related to transcendental idealism and the critical distinction between appearance and thing in itself.
300 Years Since the Birth of Emmanuel Kant: Philosophical Reflections in the 21st Century Preguntar a ChatGPT
La ética del cuidado y novelas postcolonial: dos lecturas con cuidado
Copyright (c) 2025 Revista de humanidades (Santiago. En línea) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Helena (1915), by Delie Rouge, or 'The Explosion of a Nihilist Bomb': Debates Surrounding a Novel Read in the Reading Circle
After the 11th, Before 'The Ten': Christian Democratic Unionism and the First Year of the Dictatorship in Chile, 1973–1975
From the study of unpublished documents of the Christian Democratic Party, the political practices of its main union leaders and activists are analyzed, between 1973 and 1974, specifically between the end of Allende's government and the Popular Unity, and during the first year of the Dictatorship in Chile. It is proposed that this group of DC trade unionists, together with other leaders sympathetic to the Military Junta, tried to become an independent trade union referent, with respect to the Dictatorship and also respect to the rank and file workers, seeking to fill the vacuum left by the suppression of the CUT and the workers' left, and to increase their influence with respect to the State. This was done mainly through two maneuvers: the attempt to build a new trade union center, and support for the military junta at the annual meeting of the International Labor Office in Geneva. In this way, the DC trade unionism, before moving to the opposition to the dictatorship, tried a way of collaboration and dialogue with it, which was unsuccessful.
Cinema with the People and Indigenous Videos: Continuities or ruptures?
In 1989, Jorge Sanjinés premiered The Secret Nation, considered by many to be the masterpiece of his "cinema with the people". In that same year, Jorge Sanjinés’ son, Iván Sanjinés, founded the Centro de Formación y Realización Cinematográfica Boliviano (CEFREC), which would later coordinate the Plan Nacional de Comunicación Audiovisual Indígena, an alliance of five peasant and indigenous confederations that seeks to train indigenous people in film and video making. This article proposes to examine the way in which both projects have strived to make a participatory cinema committed to the reality of indigenous peoples at different moments in Bolivian history. Differences between both projects are explored, especially those related to the use of the fictional film conventions that Jorge Sanjinés rejected.
The Intellectual and Society: Editorial and Material Drifts in the Latin American New Left During the 60s
The essay applies materialist hypotheses and methodologies to the study of Latin American Left intellectuals’ editorial practices during the 60s. Through an analysis of the text El intellectual y la Sociedad [The Intellectual and Society] it discusses the processes of production, circulation, and reception of print objects in a context of high polarization of the intellectual field. The article elaborates on three versions of the text by considering its medial and technical properties, linking them to the network of editorial agents involved. The essay argues that this materialist analysis allows us to deepen our knowledge of the processes of political and cultural struggle of the period, contributing to a more complex understanding of the place occupied by the Cuban intellectual scene in the Latin American geopolitical stage.
Baile Chino: pilgrimage and building the nation in Northern Chile
In this research we analyze the History of The Iquique Chinese Dance in the role of two elements that we find interesting to stand out. The first one mentions the displacement of this dance to the North of Chile and its subsequent popularity in the city of Iquique. Immediately it is to empahasize that during this process two identity elements have well been combined: Chilean nationalism and the regional identity of Tarapaca. Throughout this analysis we are also interested in specifying the communicational links that have been produced between the two most important festivities in The North of Chile: Andacollo and La Tirana.
Albert Camus and the Phenomenological Description: A Literary-Phenomenological Exploration of the Question of Existential Meaning
The article aims, firstly, to elucidate the appropriation that Camus makes of the phenomenological philosophy, in particular the method proper to this current, in the first cycle of his work -the cycle of the absurd- to sustain, later, that his literary production is a manifestation of certain phenomena. The focus of analysis will be specifically on The Outsider in which the absurd phenomenon is expressed literarily. In conclusion, it is argued that Camus's literary work aims to give expression to the inherent meaning of lived experiences.
The return of Sisyphus. Catastrophe and dictatorship in Chile o muerte (1974) by Germán Marín and Armindo Cardoso
This article examines the work Chile o muerte (1974) by Germán Marín and Armindo Cardoso as an iconotext of political resistance that exposes the tensions of Chilean society in the 70's, in order to make visible the country's catastrophe around the Military coup of September 11, 1973. Chile, like Sisyphus and its fatal sentence, is stalked by ruin when a threat (re)appears in the status quo that challenges the course of the country and awakens the citizens. The plastic dimension made explicit in the photographs by Armindo Cardoso, and the plot dimension, worked on by Germán Marín, take center stage as an inter-artistic editorial project, which seeks to ward off the violence of the Pinochet dictatorship, based on a curatorship that exhibits interventionism. of which Chile was affected in the years of Popular Unity.
On the language of the popular revolt of 2019: possibilities of a new (and even necessary) discourse
The objective of this work is to analyze the content and scope of the language of the popular revolt of October 2019 in Chile, that is, of those statements that were issued and circulated during this period. For this, some ideas from Stuart Hall and Doreen Massey regarding the relationship between language and neoliberalism were used as a theoretical basis, as well as previous research on the statements of the social outbreak. As conclusions, it is proposed that the language of the revolt fostered new subjectivities and new forms of collective relationships, which to a large extent could be considered contrary to neoliberal language and practices, as well as revealed the need to accommodate diverse expressions and demands, recognizing their differences and conflicts.
Devotees of heretical hagiography: A reading of popular religiosity in Ruido (2012) by Álvaro Bisama
Álvaro Bisama's novel Ruido (2012) delves into the depths of popular religiosity and its capacity to provide refuge to the most dispossessed. The figure of the seer is for our study a device, built from ruin, capable of demonstrating the terrors of a particular people that hints at the pain of an entire nation trapped by the shadows of dictatorial violence. We argue that the religious community gathered around the seer is an allegorization of the Chilean nation imagined in the novel. This article will describe the characteristics of the heretical discourse born of orphanhood and ruin. In addition to the role of women within the sectarian community led by the seer. Finally, we will describe how this type of manifestations are allowed within the national territory and how it accepts purgation as an opportune destiny.
THINKING ABOUT THE FEMININE. PUBLICATIONS AND CONFERENCES ON FEMINISM, CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS OF THE ACADEMICS OF THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY 1900-1940
This article studies the thoughts of various female academics and directors at the Catholic University of Chile through their conferences and publications. From this perspective, it will be argued that these women were inspired by feminism, initially conceived as a broad consciousness of femininity. This led them to engage in dialogues with feminist moderate currents, challenging traditional roles and the female archetype promoted by the university, while also advocating for certain civil and political rights for women.